近年來,伴隨CCD和DSP技術(shù)的日趨進步,低照度攝像機雖然日趨成熟穩(wěn)定,并在不少領(lǐng)域中使用,但行業(yè)專家認為低照度攝像機并非是市場主流,只有在一些特定的情況下被應(yīng)用,如添加光源成本較高或不便于安裝光源的情況下,低照度攝像機才能發(fā)揮作用。所為何故?目前低照度攝像機發(fā)展遭遇哪些困境?如何才能實現(xiàn)破繭成蝶?
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title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)建設(shè)試點工程(即“3111”試點工程)進入整體推進階段外,安防在高鐵建設(shè)、高速公路建設(shè)、地鐵城軌、城市智能交通、校園監(jiān)控、社區(qū)家庭等細分行業(yè)中的需求也在增長。此外,大型活動帶動的需求同樣不容忽視,即將迎來8月12日第26屆世界大學(xué)生運動會的深圳,其供大運會使用的智能交通系統(tǒng)、信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)和安保系統(tǒng)等,就將投入30多億元。
然而,作為前端監(jiān)控的一份子——低照度攝像機并沒有跟上安防的大跨步節(jié)奏。據(jù)CantronicSystems市場營銷執(zhí)行副總裁JonChynoweth稱,就全球市場來看,低照度攝像機的市場規(guī)模僅有3億美元左右,這些攝像機也主要用于特殊場合或者偏遠區(qū)域,如一些機要區(qū)域、關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、化工廠、邊檢控制、港口入境和邊防。
尋根認祖
除了最原始的增加補光燈或紅外燈、選用大靶面CCD(該方法百萬像素攝像機普遍采用)外,長期來改善低照度成像效果的手段不外乎下面幾種。
選用高靈敏度CCD,目前攝像機大多采用兩大系列CCD,一是索尼的SUPPERHADCCD系列,另一是索尼的EX-VIEWHADCCD系列。EXVIEWHADCCD將CCD每一像素的開口率提高,進而達到更低照度。技術(shù)資料介紹EXVIEWHADCCD的低照效果是SUPPERHADCCD的4~6倍,實際上確實有提升;
·彩轉(zhuǎn)黑技術(shù),目前采用這一技術(shù)甚多,可配合使用紅外燈。轉(zhuǎn)換技術(shù)有兩種,一是采用紅外濾光片和切換電路來進行彩色/黑白轉(zhuǎn)換;另一種利用電子電路將彩色信號濾除掉,無需紅外濾光片。高端彩轉(zhuǎn)黑攝像機多采用前一種切換技術(shù),以保證顏色還原度和清晰度;
·幀累積(慢快門)技術(shù),但慢快門的啟動使得圖像實時性變差,造成嚴(yán)重的拖尾現(xiàn)象,所以只適用于靜態(tài)場所的監(jiān)視,不宜監(jiān)控目標(biāo)移動速度較快的場合;
·數(shù)字降噪技術(shù),從一些高檔低照攝像機的數(shù)字降噪表現(xiàn)來看,能在低照的噪點過多的情況下(特別是AGC啟動時),較好地改善圖像的潔凈度和清晰度,從而提升低照成像效果,但很多攝像機在降噪功能啟動后還是會出現(xiàn)拖尾和動畫感問題。
從上述簡單羅列,可歸納出提升低照度下成像效果的途徑主要還是從兩方面入手:一是提高CCD自身性能;二是增加內(nèi)部軟硬件的圖像處理能力。
遭遇軟肋
近年來,低照度攝像機盡管已有長足進步,但隨著應(yīng)用要求的不斷提高,或說用戶日益的“挑剔”,也暴露出種種弊端,并制約著其進一步發(fā)展,這主要表現(xiàn)在感光器件靈敏度還不能真正滿足全天候監(jiān)控的需求、產(chǎn)品價格的劣勢,以及需求本身的強度不高。所以說,靈敏度、價格、需求強度便成了其阻礙壯大的軟肋。
感光器件靈敏度
感光器件在近幾年雖然發(fā)展迅速,但仍然與人們的期望值有較大的差距。浙江大華技術(shù)股份有限公司產(chǎn)品中心產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理江用也表示,從技術(shù)上來看制約低照度攝像機發(fā)展的最主要的因素仍是感光器件的靈敏度。如果感光器件的靈敏度不夠高,在非常微弱的自然光且不借助其他光源的情況下就會導(dǎo)致圖像噪點增多、清晰度不高、層次感不強。感光器件性能不穩(wěn)定將導(dǎo)致攝像機對被攝物體的細節(jié)分辨能力下降。所以,為了在底光照環(huán)境下也能獲得較理想的圖像效果,采用“超感度”的低照CCD是提高攝像機低照度性能、獲得理想圖像效果的最關(guān)鍵因素。
價格劣勢
其次是產(chǎn)品價格。神州數(shù)碼(中國)有限公司AMPON事業(yè)部產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理蘭柳表示,低照度攝像機器件品質(zhì)選擇要比普通攝像機高,還會應(yīng)用一些獨特的技術(shù)來進一步提升低照度性能,因此低照度攝像機的成本較高。因為不僅需要采用低照度性能優(yōu)秀的CCD,而且在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計上,要有專門的低照度電路,并采用ICR機械彩轉(zhuǎn)黑(即步進電機驅(qū)動的雙濾光片設(shè)計)等。再者,低照度攝像機的核心器件超感度CCD依然被索尼等幾家半導(dǎo)體巨頭壟斷,所以,產(chǎn)品價格仍舊居高不下。
此外,其他監(jiān)控攝像機對低照度產(chǎn)品也有一定的影響,如紅外一體機。實際上這兩種產(chǎn)品是互相補充的關(guān)系。一般地,紅外一體機定位在中低價位,而低照度攝像機成本較高,占據(jù)中高價位。這樣就使得既可以選擇紅外一體機,也可以選擇低照度攝像機的場合,用戶又沒有專門要求時,如果預(yù)算不足,用戶往往會更傾向于采用價格更低廉的紅外一體機產(chǎn)品。
市場需求強度不高
伴隨著CCD和DSP技術(shù)的日趨進步,低照度攝像機雖然日趨成熟穩(wěn)定,也在不少領(lǐng)域中使用,但行業(yè)專家認為低照度攝像機并非是市場主流,只有在一些特定區(qū)域如添加光源成本較高或不便于安裝光源的情況下,低照度攝像機才能發(fā)揮重要的作用。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,超過半數(shù)以上的應(yīng)用環(huán)境,對監(jiān)控強度的要求不是特別高,要求攝像機24小時保持高品質(zhì)監(jiān)控的場合并不多,普通攝像機就能滿足大多數(shù)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的監(jiān)控需求。由此可見,低照度攝像機的應(yīng)用還需要克服選用上的人為因素,才能取得較大突破。