隨著用戶對攝像機圖像效果要求的不斷提高，在明暗反差過大的場景中，如大廳、門口等光線差別比較大的場所，傳統(tǒng)攝像機只能依靠背光補償(BLC)功能來處理。當背光補償功能打開的時候，背景圖像會出現(xiàn)曝光過足，圖像發(fā)白、失真;當背光補償功能關(guān)閉的時候，前景圖像因為曝光不足而成為黑色。許多攝像機生產(chǎn)廠家為了解決這些問題，相應(yīng)地對背光補償(BLC)采用了一些增強技術(shù)，但也僅是對局部圖像進行處理，無法得到理想的全局圖像。因此必須有一種具有新技術(shù)的攝像機，來滿足逆光環(huán)境下對攝像機的要求。寬動態(tài)技術(shù)攝像機應(yīng)運而生，逐漸成為各大攝像機生產(chǎn)廠商關(guān)注的焦點。

　　寬動態(tài)攝像機介紹

　　按照度值來衡量，當攝像機從室內(nèi)看窗外，室內(nèi)照度為100Lux，而外面的照度可能是在10,000Lux，對比就是10,000/100=100：1。在這種對比下人眼能很容易的同時看清室內(nèi)和室外的物體，因為人眼能處理1000:1的對比度。然而傳統(tǒng)CCD攝像機就會有很大的問題。因為傳統(tǒng)攝像機只有3:1的對比性能。

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　　寬動態(tài)攝像機技術(shù)是在非常強烈的對比下讓攝像機看到物體圖像而運用的一種技術(shù)。當在強光源(日光、燈具或反光等)照射下的高亮度區(qū)域及陰影、逆光等相對亮度較低的區(qū)域在圖像中同時存在時，攝像機輸出的圖像會出現(xiàn)明亮區(qū)域因曝光過度成為白色，而黑暗區(qū)域因曝光不足成為黑色，嚴重影響圖像質(zhì)量。攝像機在同一場景中對最亮區(qū)域及較暗區(qū)域的表現(xiàn)是存在局限的，這種局限就是通常所講的“動態(tài)范圍”。

　　廣義上的“動態(tài)范圍”是指某一變化的事物可能改變的跨度，即其變化值的最低端極點到最高端極點之間的區(qū)域，此區(qū)域的描述一般為最高點與最低點之間的差值。這是一個應(yīng)用非常廣泛的概念，在談及攝像機產(chǎn)品的拍攝圖像指標時，一般的“動態(tài)范圍”是指攝像機對拍攝場景中景物光照反射的適應(yīng)能力，具體指亮度(反差)及色溫(反差)的變化范圍。

　　DPS寬動態(tài)攝像機技術(shù)

　　1、與傳統(tǒng)CCD相比DPS攝像機是真正的數(shù)字攝像機

　　傳統(tǒng)CCD攝像機在圖像的采集、處理和輸出過程中需要經(jīng)過兩次模擬信號的轉(zhuǎn)換過程，從CCD(模擬)——A/D轉(zhuǎn)換——處理器(DSP)——D/A轉(zhuǎn)換——輸出(模擬)，存在著傳輸時間長(整個傳輸轉(zhuǎn)換過程需要數(shù)十毫秒)，轉(zhuǎn)換噪聲大，視頻信號衰減等缺陷。

　　DPS攝像機的工作原理

　　DPS(DigitalPixelSystem數(shù)字像素處理系統(tǒng))攝像機包含有一個數(shù)字的圖像傳感器和一個數(shù)字的圖像處理器。其核心技術(shù)是在數(shù)字圖像傳感器的每一個像素上集成了一個模擬數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換器(ADC)，每個數(shù)字圖像傳感器的ADC在捕捉到光信號時直接轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字信號，從采樣到輸出的過程，單幀圖像獲取時間僅需0.8毫秒，最大限度地減少了無效的轉(zhuǎn)換，降低了噪音和衰減。

　　傳統(tǒng)CCD攝像機工作原理

　　DPS攝像機在整個圖像的獲取、傳輸和處理中，不論前端的拾取還是后端的處理完全是數(shù)字化的過程。保證了獲取圖像的高質(zhì)量性，在輸出后的圖像無任何拖尾和開花現(xiàn)象。是真正純數(shù)字化的圖像處理系統(tǒng)。

　　2、DPS的多重采樣技術(shù)

　　傳統(tǒng)CCD攝像機只能同時處理一整列像素，在采集一幅圖像的過程中通常只對整個圖像采樣1次，獲取的圖像會出現(xiàn)不同程度的明亮的區(qū)域曝光過度、較暗的區(qū)域欠曝光的現(xiàn)象(如下圖)。其它些所謂的寬動態(tài)攝像機也僅是采取兩次或多次采樣的方式合成一幅圖像，效果上雖有所改善，但不能從本質(zhì)上徹底解決問題。

　　S1點亮度較高，控制采樣曝光的時間相對較短;S5點亮度較暗，曝光時間就較長。DPS攝像機實現(xiàn)逐點采樣逐點控制曝光，可同時獲取場景中明亮及陰暗區(qū)域詳細的圖像信息。

　　采用DPS技術(shù)的攝像機在采集一幅圖像時，系統(tǒng)可對每個像素進行多次單獨無損失采樣，成像系統(tǒng)控制每個像素的最佳采樣時間，在每個像素達到最佳狀態(tài)時存儲像素信息，最終可同時獲取場景中明亮及陰暗區(qū)域詳細的圖像信息。

　　3、模擬人眼與大腦，圖像傳感器和圖像處理器具有雙向?qū)崟r互動性

　　模擬人眼與大腦，圖像傳感器和圖像處理器具有雙向?qū)崟r互動性。DPS攝像機在圖像的攝取和處理過程類似于人眼和大腦的關(guān)系，負責(zé)圖像的處理和運算的同時，不斷向圖像傳感器下達指令，不僅調(diào)整曝光時間而且改變實際的圖像捕捉算法。最終，在特定的圖像特征和光照下，獲得最佳的圖像效果。

　　4、更寬的動態(tài)范圍和更真實的色彩再現(xiàn)

　　采用DPS技術(shù)的攝像機，通過其特有的數(shù)字采樣和數(shù)字處理，得到比CCD攝像機更寬的動態(tài)范圍(CCD的動態(tài)范圍最大為60dB，DPS可達到120dB)。

　　更加接近真實場景的色彩還原

　　5、強大的軟件應(yīng)用

　　DPS攝像機內(nèi)嵌ARM7CPU處理器，配以強大的軟件平臺，使許多傳統(tǒng)CCD攝像機無法企及的功能變得簡單有效。

　　l多語言界面平臺，NTSC/PAL制式兼容，可使攝像機打破傳統(tǒng)地域界限，實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品國際化，為不同地區(qū)的使用者帶來方便;

　　l智能線纜傳輸長度補償、更寬的線鎖調(diào)整范圍、更寬的白平衡范圍，使調(diào)整、偏色等問題變得迎刃而解;

　　l日夜模式控制，采用可移動紅外濾片，白天用彩色，夜晚用黑白，增強夜晚感受紅外光的能力，突破傳統(tǒng)攝像機在低照下的技術(shù)瓶頸，解決在環(huán)境光線較暗的情況下圖像成像的問題;

　　l遠程攝像機的設(shè)置調(diào)整使原本煩瑣的安裝調(diào)試變得簡單輕松;

　　l同樣數(shù)字化的信號輸出可直接提供給高端的顯示設(shè)備以及編碼壓縮芯片，減少信號還原過程的損失，得到更加真實的圖像。

　　寬動態(tài)攝像機應(yīng)用

　　DPS攝像機優(yōu)良的寬動態(tài)特性可使其應(yīng)用于光線落差較大的環(huán)境中(特別是從室內(nèi)看向室外)看清全景中每個角落的細節(jié)，如安裝了寬大玻璃窗的辦公大廳、銀行、ATM機、幾乎每個商店、機場等，這些位于門口、窗口等處具有明亮背景光的監(jiān)控場景，都可得到滿意的可辨識圖像，模擬攝像機在這類場景的監(jiān)控受制其技術(shù)上的缺陷較難取得理想效果。

　　總結(jié)

　　DPS數(shù)字像素處理技術(shù)標志著在攝像機技術(shù)上的一個根本突破，代表了攝像機傳感器方面的一項突破性進展。它是一種捕捉高質(zhì)量圖像的尖端技術(shù)，使用在最復(fù)雜及最苛刻的光照條件下。憑借著優(yōu)良的寬動態(tài)技術(shù)，景陽寬動態(tài)攝像機將為用戶解決復(fù)雜光線環(huán)境下監(jiān)控的諸多難題，最大程度上滿足各行各業(yè)對攝像機的不同需求。